A global consortium of experts has reached consensus to replace the term polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) with polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS), and has outlined a process for the change. The term PCOS has long been recognised as being inaccurate and potentially harmful.
The syndrome is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, affecting more than 170 million people globally during their reproductive years. Characterised by insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia, it is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance. Pregnancy-related complications include gestational diabetes and venous thromboembolism.
Despite its prevalence, the current name is misleading, implying the presence of pathological ovarian cysts and failing to reflect its diverse endocrine, metabolic, reproductive, psychological and dermatological features. This confusion can delay diagnosis and hinder effective communication between patients and healthcare professionals, contributing to dissatisfaction with care. The reproductive focus of the name may also reinforce stigma, particularly in contexts where fertility is highly valued.
As outlined in The Lancet, a rigorous process engaging people with PCOS, multidisciplinary healthcare professionals and organisations worldwide was undertaken to agree the new name. The approach prioritised scientific accuracy, cultural appropriateness, stigma avoidance and feasibility of adoption. Consensus on the term polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome was built through a range of robust methods.
To support the widespread adoption of PMOS, a comprehensive global implementation strategy has been developed. This includes a three-year transition period, education, and alignment with health systems and disease classification. The authors hope that the term will be incorporated into the international guidance when it is updated in 2028.
The full consensus article can be read here.
