Type 2 diabetes: Non insulin therapies

A 47-year-old obese woman was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes six months ago and has had no antidiabetic medication. Her BMI is 35 kg/m2, urinalysis shows persistent glycosuria and her most recent HbA1c result was 61 mmol/mol (7.7%). According to the current NICE guidance, what is the SINGLE MOST appropriate antidiabetic agent for this lady? Select ONE option only.

A 76-year-old person with type 2 diabetes has impaired renal function and is taking metformin. According to the current NICE guidance, metformin would need to be stopped when the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was found to be at which of the following values: Select ONE option only.

With regards to the second intensification of oral hypoglycaemic agents, the current NICE guidance states that if the HbA1c level increases to 58 mmol/mol (7.5%) or higher on a single medication, the drug treatment should be intensified (and advice about diet, lifestyle and adherence reinforced) to support the person to achieve what HbA1c target? Select ONE option only.

A 56-year-old Caucasian woman was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes 6 months ago. She has been unable to tolerate any form of metformin due to uncontrolled diarrhoea. Her BMI is 31 kg/m2 and her latest HbA1c result is 49 mmol/mol (6.6%).  Considering the NICE guidance, which of the following medications would NOT be appropriate for her?  Select ONE option only.

Which of following statements about sulphonylureas is FALSE?   Select ONE option only. 

When considering the hypoglycaemic agent pioglitazone, all of the following are recognised side effects of the drug apart from one. Please select which ONE this is. Select ONE option only.

In addition to their glucose-dependent action on insulin secretion, which of the following is the MOST LIKELY clinical effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists?   Select ONE option only.

A 67-year-old lady living with type 2 diabetes and dementia is being cared for in a nursing home and has recently had two falls. She is currently taking metformin 1 g twice daily and gliclazide 80 mg twice daily. Her HbA1c is 55 mmol/mol (7.2%). Which of the following treatment options would you advise for her?  Select ONE option only.

An 81-year-old lady with diabetes and hypertension is admitted to hospital as an acute emergency with possible dehydration following an episode of abdominal pain and vomiting. All the following agents may be suspended during the admission apart from which one?   Select ONE option only.

Which of the following groups of people with diabetes are at an increased risk of hypoglycaemia?   Select ONE option only.

Which GLP-1 receptor agonist is available in BOTH twice-daily and once-weekly formulations?  Select ONE option only